[ISW] 러시아 공격 작전 평가, 2026년 5월 4일

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핵심 내용 요약:

  • 유럽 정보 보고서 유출: 유출된 유럽 정보 보고서는 러시아 대통령 블라디미르 푸틴이 자신의 신변 안전과 고위 관계자들의 안전에 대해 점점 더 우려하고 있음을 강조합니다.
  • ISW의 독립적인 증거 부재: ISW (Institute for the Study of War, 전쟁 연구소)는 유출된 정보 보고서의 다른 측면, 즉 푸틴이 러시아 내 쿠데타 시도를 두려워한다는 주장을 뒷받침할 독립적인 증거를 관찰하지 못했습니다.
  • 러시아 항공우주군 사령관 임명: 러시아 국방부(MoD)는 러시아 방공 및 공중 작전 실패에 대한 국내 비판 이후, 알렉산더 차이코 대장을 러시아 항공우주군(VKS) 사령관으로 임명했습니다.
  • 코스티안티니우카 전진 부진: 러시아군은 2025년 10월 말 코스티안티니우카 외곽에 처음 진입했지만, 코스티안티니우카-드루지키우카 전술 지역에서 의미 있는 작전적 진전을 이루지 못했습니다.
  • 젤렌스키의 일방적 휴전 제안: 우크라이나 대통령 볼로디미르 젤렌스키는 5월 9일 “승리의 날” 휴전에 대한 러시아의 언급에 대응하여 5월 5일부터 6일 밤 사이에 일방적인 휴전을 선언하며, 러시아군에 상호주의를 촉구했습니다.
  • 스웨덴, 러시아 유조선 압류: 스웨덴 당국은 5월 3일 러시아 그림자 유조선을 압류했습니다.
  • 전선에서의 진전 없음: 우크라이나군과 러시아군 모두 전선에서 확인된 진전을 이루지 못했습니다.
  • 러시아의 미사일 및 드론 공격: 5월 3일, 러시아군은 우크라이나를 향해 2발의 이스칸데르-M 탄도 미사일, 5발의 Kh-59/69 순항 미사일, 234대의 드론을 발사했으며, 5월 3일 밤에는 155대의 드론을 발사했습니다.

관련 최신 자료 및 링크:

주의: 위에 제시된 링크들은 현재 시점 (2024년 5월 7일)을 기준으로 관련 정보를 제공하는 자료들입니다. 상황은 빠르게 변화하므로, 최신 정보를 확인하려면 추가적인 정보 검색이 필요할 수 있습니다.

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[원문]

A leaked European intelligence report highlights Putin’s increasing concern over his personal safety and the safety of his senior officials.

May 4, 2026

Assessment as of: 6:45 PM ET

Data Cutoff: 11:45 AM ET

Kateryna Shymkiv, Samuel Shafiro, Justin Young, Anna Thacker, Diana Nasreddine, Nikolai Sundstrom, Jakub Kostka, Christina Harward, and Karolina Hird

TOPLINES

A leaked European intelligence report highlights Russian President Vladimir Putin’s increasing concern over his personal safety and the safety of his senior officials. Western and Russian opposition sources reported on May 4, citing the intelligence report, that Russian security forces have increased security measures as Putin fears possible assassination attempts, including targeted drone strikes. The intelligence report noted that Putin spends most of his time in underground bunkers in Krasnodar Krai and has stopped going to his residences in Moscow Oblast and Valdai, Novgorod Oblast. The intelligence report also cited sources in Russia familiar with Putin as stating that the recent internet shutdowns in Moscow City were at least partially related to Putin’s security and anti-drone protection. The intelligence report stated that Putin amended Federal Protective Service (FSO) regulations to provide security to 10 high-ranking generals after a December 2025 meeting of security officials in which the officials shifted blame onto each other for the December 22 assassination of Lieutenant General Fanil Sarvarov, the chief of the Russian General Staff’s Operational Training Department, in Moscow City.

ISW has not observed independent evidence to support other aspects of the leaked intelligence report about Putin’s fears of a coup attempt in Russia. The European intelligence report portrayed former Russian Defense Minister and current Russian Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu as "associated with the risk of a coup." CNN, which obtained the intelligence report, noted that it does not provide evidence to support these claims.

 

Russian forces first infiltrated into the outskirts of Kostyantynivka in late October 2025 but have yet to achieve meaningful operational progress in the Kostyantynivka-Druzhkivka tactical area. Western media sources recently reported that fighting has reached the outskirts of the city. ISW has observed evidence to assess that Russian forces have infiltrated in 10.14 percent of Kostyantynivka and advanced in only 0.7 percent of its eastern outskirts. Russian forces first infiltrated the eastern outskirts of Kostyantynivka on October 24, 2025, and have failed to make even tactically significant gains in the subsequent six months despite numerous exaggerated claims from senior Russian officials about alleged Russian successes in the city. Russian milbloggers have offered criticism of these exaggerated claims and noted the slow tempo of Russian progress in Kostyantynivka. Russian forces also conducted two mechanized assaults near Chasiv Yar (northeast of Kostyantynivka) in April 2026 that did not result in tactically significant gains.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • A leaked European intelligence report highlights Russian President Vladimir Putin’s increasing concern over his personal safety and the safety of his senior officials.

  • ISW has not observed independent evidence to support other aspects of the leaked intelligence report about Putin’s fears of a coup attempt in Russia.

  • The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) appointed Colonel General Alexander Chayko to the position of commander-in-chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) after recent domestic criticisms of Russian air defense and air campaign failures.

  • Russian forces first infiltrated into the outskirts of Kostyantynivka in late October 2025 but have yet to achieve meaningful operational progress in the Kostyantynivka-Druzhkivka tactical area.

  • Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky declared a unilateral ceasefire on the night of May 5 to 6 in response to Russian rhetoric regarding a May 9 "Victory Day" ceasefire, urging Russian forces to reciprocate.

  • Swedish authorities seized a Russian shadow fleet oil tanker on May 3. 

  • Neither Ukrainian nor Russian forces made confirmed advances on the frontline.

  • Russian forces launched two Iskander-M ballistic missiles, five Kh-59/69 cruise missiles, and 234 drones toward Ukraine during the day on May 3, and 155 drones overnight. 

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